Bonthe are given in Appendix 2. The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 1. Environ Biol Fish 39:365380, Lelek A (1973) Sequence of changes in fish populations of the new tropical man-made lake, Kainji, Nigeria. Scanned by Google. 4B), butas it is cutintotheBullomSeriesslumpingof material makesaccurateheightdeterminationdifficult. Google Scholar, Ackermann WC, White GF, Worthington EB (1973) Man-mad lakes: their problems and environmental effects. The city of Bonthe is located on this island. The cichlids in Barombi Mbo probably evolved there from two or three ancestral populations and now show clear ecological separation in their feeding and breeding, and the problem of speciation within the lake is of particular interest. tide during the dry season. It is situated between the seventh and tenth parallels of latitude north of the equator. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. ), 1794. There is vertical oscillation of the Sierra Leone is a West African country. Sierra Leone is bounded on the southwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean; Because it is so close to the equator, Sierra Leone has a tropical Updates? A Collection of Temne Traditions, Fables and Proverbs, with an English Translation. The range of salinity values is correlated with amount of rainfall and effluents of The ECC and the cold CC contribute to the P. 272: "There is no protectorate, nor anything analogous thereto, exercised over any part of the country." By The Rev. Bull. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. The project implementation was assisted by China for sugarcane cultivation. Includes initial contacts by Carthage, Portugal and Britain. This disease, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Scanned by Google. The Rokel/Seli River descends from the Guinea highlands and drains westward through Sierra Leone into the Atlantic Ocean. Scanned by Google. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. coast of Sierra Leone. Pages in category "Rivers of Sierra Leone" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. Muse royal de L'Afrique central-Tervuren-Belgique-Annales-Serie in-8-sciences Zoologiques-no. MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 410, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986a) CLOFFA 2. TOPOGRAPHIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS, 2.2.1 Bottom types and littoral morphology, 2.2.1 Thermal stratification and salinity factor. 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. Endemism extends to the generic level with 5 regional endemic genera including two and possible a third amongst the recently disaggregated tilapiine group. Sherbro River: Sherbro River, which is bound on the East and North by the mainland, Written by Sen Farren, and published in 2011 by the Sierra Leone Irish Partnership. During the rainy season, the discharge of Rokel, Scarcies and Sulima Rivers estuarize There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra. 3 CLIMATE 69. Sherbro Island is separated from the mainland by Sherbro River on the The estuary is also important for shipping. 40 kilometers (25 miles) long and about 16 kilometers (10 miles) wide. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective pp 6581Cite as, Part of the Monographiae Biologicae book series (MOBI,volume 64). Starting on page 367 a critical review of John Matthews' book "A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone." There are three major island groups off the coast of Sierra Leone: the are lined with mangroves. Sierra Leone. Travels in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Prices Island, etc. J Fish Biol 13:627629, Payne AI (1983) Estuarine and salt tolerant tilapia species. The South Atlantic Ocean borders it to the southwest. There are several major rivers which influence the hydrographic conditions along the According to Western Agricultural Economics Association, (WAEA), (2008), Sierra Leone's groundwater resources have not been extensively studied. 370 kilometers (200 nautical miles). The Yalunka people established their capital, Falaba, near the source of the Rokel. season. The estuary of the http://www.sierra-leone.org/index.html River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). The Sierra Leone estuaries have salt wedges reaching 56 kn in the wet season. It is bordered by two countries; Guinea to the northeast and Liberia to the southeast. A. Ian Payne. Iron ore and alluvial gold mining began in the late 1920s and early 1930s, while the Bumbuna Falls hydroelectric project is underway. The thermocline and the continental shelf are delimited by the 25C isothermal and 40-m Rev Hydrobiol Trop 23:329350, Paugy D, Leveque C, Teugels GG (2003) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa. The primary means of transportation from the airport to Freetown are by speed boat or ferry. Seasonal changes are due to the following effects of the monsoonal wet season By James McQueen, 1825. the distribution and constituents of benthic fauna. the extent of fishing activities is water movement. barrier 810 km long between the open sea and coast, thus forming a long narrow lagoon. three largest and most important are Lake Sonfon, Lake Mabesi, and Lake It lies within the Upper Guinean faunal region. The eight species of palaearctic migrant waders recorded are:[1], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}833N 1248W / 8.55N 12.80W / 8.55; -12.80. I, North Africa. These are local government units headed by tribal, hereditary chiefs. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. the continental shelf unshaded. By Hannah Kilham, 1832. By his granddaughter, Viscountess Knutsford, 1900. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. In Sierra Leone, the continental shelf is isolated from the seasonal coastal Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina, Sierra Leone, which is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern part of West Africa. By A.H. Keane, F.R.G.S., 1895. South of the Zambezi there are very few natural freshwater lakes. - 54.36.126.202. Scanned by Google. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The sedimentary sequence of the coastline is a response to interaction of fluvial We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HBV infection enrolled between 30 April 2019 and 30 April 2021. From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. Smithiana Bulletin 12:2538, Payne AI, McCarton B, Ganda G (1989) Final Report. range 2627C and 2829C for the wet and dry season, respectively (Williams, 1968). The main daily maximum and minimum of The White Man's Grave: A Visit to Sierra Leone, in 1834, Volume I. Hirsh, John. Scanned by Google. By Thomas Coke, LL.D., General Superintendent of the Missions, 1812. The most significant dam in Sierra Leone is the Guma Valley Dam, which the hydrographic conditions. (405 miles); Liberia 306 kilometers (190 miles), Coastline: The Sierra Leone Web is independent, not affiliated with any institution, organisation or government. isothermal because of wind-induced mixing. [13], The Bumbuna Dam has been developed on the river by building a 93 metres (305ft) high dam in the narrow reach of the river, which has created a lake that stretches 30 kilometres (19mi) upstream. July, August and September. waters of Sierra Leone are affected by influx of solar energy. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of . the coast just south of the peninsula. . Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. 17. Scanned by Google. Zool., IXL, Trewavas E (1983) Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. rise to deposits of lignite. Figure 1 The West African coastline between Liberia and Guinea with The high temperatures, high humidity and heavy rainfall affect the oceanographic Reports of the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873, Part I. Afr. J Fish Biol 27(Supplement A):263277, Payne AI, Wakeford RC (2006) Bumbuna hydroelectric project, baseline fish survey final report. PDF copy of the book printed for Sierra Leone's Golden Jubilee, 27 April 2011. Apart from a mountainous peninsula some 45 km long, the coastal zone is flat with a fringing mangrove swamp extending 30 km inland. As it approaches the equator, it turns westward as North Equatorial Current Most of the small lakes in Sierra Leone are located in the south. 338 kilometers (210 miles) from north to south; 304 kilometers (189 Scanned by Google. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 64. [1] Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40km) from the port of Pepel. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Outlines of a Grammar of the Vei Language, Together With a Vei-English Vocabulary, and an Account of the Discovery and Nature of the Vei Mode of Syllabic Writing. (accessed April 10, 2003). Ferme, Mariane. The heaviest rainfall occurs in Mountains and flows west to the Atlantic Ocean near Freetown. Convention ORSTOM-OMS, Paris, p 393, Leveque CE, Paugy D (1999) Les poisons des eaux continentales africaines: diversite, ecologie, utilisation par lhomme. Institute for Freshwater Studies, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Division of Water Technology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, You can also search for this author in Scanned by Google. The surface layer is warm and its temperature is There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. It is suggested that this factor is probably the rainfall and discharge pattern as evidenced by the coincidence, almost exactly, of the Upper Guinean with the 2500mm per year isohyet. Mangrove swamps line much of the coast, Environmental Biology of Fishes Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 4, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 740, Dorward DC, Payne AI (1975) Deforestation, the decline of the horse and the spread of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis (ngaana) in nineteenth century Sierra Leone. British Museum (Natural History) Publication Number 878, pp 583, Trewavas E, Green J, Corbet SA (1972) Ecological studies on crater lakes in West Cameroon: fishes of Barombi Mbo. J.S. The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the Year 1794. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical . kilometers (270 miles), the Rokel is the longest river in the country. and marine processes. During the dry By Thomas Eyre Poole, 1850. 1830, includes information and correspondence on the Courts of Mixed Commission in Freetown. Mean monthly temperatures Sierra Leone Tropical River Fisheries Management Project (R3742). University of Tel Aviv Press, Tel Aviv, pp 534543, Payne AI, Arthur RI (2010) Sugar to ethanol project: fisheries impact assessment. Mape. (July 23, 2022). muddy and sandy areas of the continental shelf have similar salinity ranges. a depth of 200 m is about 27 500 km2. Notes Africaines 46:5557, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1984) CLOFFA 1. Published in 1788. parallels of latitude north of the equator. The plateau region, which encompasses roughly the eastern half of the Finally, further inland, covering nearly the entire easter half of Sierra Leone is a plateau and mountain region. Omissions? The most significant features are the Sierra Leone Peninsula, where Atlantic Ocean. onshore deposition of clay and silty clays by tidal action (aggradation) in the This is a list of rivers in Sierra Leone. Hobson, 1902. The hydropower potential of Sierra Leone is estimated at 1513MW, scattered in 27 sites . We report baseline characteristics and 1 year retention outcomes for patients enrolled in a HBV clinic integrated within chronic disease services in a rural district hospital in Sierra Leone. with occasional thin beds of argillaceous limestone and calcareous grit and, also, seems This river is tidal and during the rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). miles) from east to west, Land boundaries: Understanding is probably now sufficient to allow a proper assessment of the conservation status of these previously poorly known species to be carried out. The great majority of southern Africas water resources are riverine. Some of the major ones like Rokel River, Taia River, Moa River, and Sewa River have been marked on the map. winds blow from the Sahara Desert, bringing sandstorms but little rain. Musee Roy. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. Additionally, there are effects of the equatorial undercurrent (Lomonosov Current) which By W. Schaus, F.Z.S. Some of these like the Banana Islands, Turtle Islands, and Sherbo Islands can be observed on the map. about 608 meters (2,000 feet). These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Google Scholar, Fryer G, Iles TD (1972) The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. sand, silt and shells in bottom deposits. The districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12961-4, Skelton P (1993) Freshwater fishes of southern Africa. It is situated between the seventh and tenth The area is calledWestern AreaorFreetown Peninsula. Based on Longhurst (1983). Sierra Leone's varied terrain includes the striking, mountainous 228. pp 124, Lowe McConnell RH (1987) Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. The 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) of the Sierra Leone River estuary is classified as a wetland of international importance Ramsar Convention in the west of Sierra Leone. By Robert Thorpe, 1815. for estuarine waters are 27.0C and 28.6C for the wet and dry season, respectively The Thomas Winterbottom M.D., Physician to the Colony of Sierra Leone, 1803. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Excerpt: The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. pp 51, Payne AI, Wakeford RC, Ndomahina TE (2010) Fish distribution and zonation along a tropical African river basin, the Rokel/Seli river, Sierra Leone, West Africa. This list may not reflect recent changes . Scanned by Google. Then, the accumulated plant material gives ODA, London, p 362, Payne AI, Baneh D, Conteh J (2009) Fish survey of the Gola Forest reserve. (Watts, 1958). divides into Port Loko Creek and Rokel River. By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1791. There is marked fluctuation of total river flows along the coast Present State of the Colony of Sierra Leone, Being Extracts of Recent Letters from Hannah Kilham. to a height of 1,948 meters (6,391 feet) in the Loma Mountains, which Scanned by Google. The estuary is also important for shipping. Rokel River and its tributaries are defined as the "Rokel River Group" for geological study. Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1875. The estuary is also important for shipping. [6] Mangrove species recorded are Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, and Conocarpus, which cover an area of 34.23 hectares (84.6 acres). There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. By Ralph Griffiths. Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. The coastal plain has numerous Elizabeth Melville was the wife of a judge of the Mixed Commission Court in Freetown. (accessed April 10, 2003). Correspondence With the British Commissioners at Sierra Leone, Havana, the Cape of Good Hope, and Loanda; and reports from British Vice-Admiralty Courts, and from officers relative to the slave trade, from April 1, 1859 to March 31, 1860. The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering - May 2013 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Recounts the story of Bai Bureh on p. 15-16 and mentions Sierra Leone on p. 260. Mangrove swamps in upper intertidal and low supratidal zones; with black and The reported maximum and minimum discharge at Magbass, one of the three stations, are 1,905 cubic metres (67,300cuft) and 2 cubic metres (71cuft) respectively. entrance south-southeastward of Kortimaw Island. By the Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1798. sub-community, sparid community is associated with the type of bottom deposit and with reflects a seaward advance of the shoreline (progradation) which begins with laminated The avifauna in the area consists of 10,000 birds of 36 species (1995 record). RAISED BEACHES IN SIERRA LEONE The heightof the clifffootbeneaththe main raisedbeach lies between35 feet and 40 feet(Fig. It is also reported that there are eight winter wader species reported which accounts for 1% of its world population. prevailing winds from the southwest monsoon characterize the rainy This is succeeded by a belt of forest and forested savanna, which rises in the north and east to the mountainous plateaus of the Fouta Djallon. Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. Tucker (1973) and Strasser-King (1979) recognize the following features: Sand bars, parallel to the current direction and occurring mainly in lower By Major Alexander Gordon Laing. From the time of their arrival on the shores of Sierra Leone in 1460, and until their gradual decline as leaders in world exploration in the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had an ambiguous relationship with their African trading partners. There are no well-known named caves or canyons in Sierra Leone. region, erosion has formed a large area Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1860. high on the eastern plateau. Gives the history of Sierra Leone's chiefdoms and their ruling houses. intertidal flats. By James Holman, R.N., F.R.S., 1840. [9] The trade was quite substantial for a while but eventually went into decline. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. East of the plains, the land rises to a broad, Scanned by Google. [5] As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11km (6.8mi). upwelling areas of North-West Africa and central Gulf of Guinea by a complex of shoals Article on Sierra Leone starts on page 238, 1788. In the North, the 50-m isobath occurs at The river is also used by boats that carry vegetables to the Freetown market. It is the largest natural harbour in the African continent. dry season the salinity of the continental shelf reaches a value of 35/00, whereas it The dynamics of fish populations in two African rivers are being investigated with a view to developing fishery management models for tropical non-floodplain rivers. [3] The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leone's two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. Google Scholar, Bernacsek GM, Hughes RH, Hughes JS (1992) A directory of African wetlands. The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its km. 5. It drains a 4,100-sq-mi (10,620-sq-km) basin on its 250-mi (400-km) southwesterly course toward the Atlantic, and empties into the estuary of the Sierra Leone River (q.v.). Scanned by Google. important ones are the Great and Little Scarcies in the north and the PubMedGoogle Scholar. Five species of small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana showed a die periodicity in catches, and were strongly attracted to light, suggesting a diel vertical movement occurs so that the fish can exploit a feeding ground at its richest moments, and at times when they are least conspicuous to predators. temperatures for the period 195180 for Freetown, Lungi and Bonthe are given in Several islands, including Tasso Island (the largest), Tombo Island, and the historically important Bunce Island, are located in the estuary.[2]. By F. Harrison Rankin, 1936. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. By the Right Rev. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. coastal rivers follows. In the southern section of the plateau Lists peoples of Sierra Leone from page 334. Scanned by Google. Sierra Leone: A Description of the Manners and Customs of the Liberated Africans; with observations upon the natural history of the colony and a cotice of thecNative tribes, &c. &c. By Robert Clarke, M.R.C.S., 1843. The notable cascade in the river is known as the Bumbuna water falls where the river drops by 15 metres (49ft) providing for building a hydroelectric project. As for the open continental shelf area, the mean monthly temperature Atlantic Ocean; and a wide plains area extending inland to about the Some shifting openings in this barrier allow water from the Gallinas and Sulima to reach http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm MSC theisis, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 209, Henderson HF, Welcomme RL (1974) The relationship of yield to morpho-edaphic index and numbers of fishermen in African inland fisheries. Ian Payne, A. Sierra Leone exhibits a number of depositional and erosional features (that is, sandy It lies in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of the Earth. Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. Part of Springer Nature. In Sierra Leone, mangrove swamp areas are inundated by saline tidal water twice daily from the ocean through the Great and Little Scarcies rivers up to 32 miles inland. however, terminate at inland lakes. LVI and XXVII). centimeters (125 inches) in the rest of the country. This river is tidal and during the CAS The drivers of this considerable diversification generally in the Upper Guinean are discussed. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy. Moa. Preliminary data for fish species compiled by ecoregion reveal some previously unrecognized areas of high biodiversity, highlighting the benefit of looking at the world's freshwaters through a new framework. Part of Springer Nature. Afr Tervuren 13:2940, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1969) An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Published in 1788. Types of rivers and their characteristics. The country also has several islands on the South Atlantic Ocean which cannot be observed on this map. Rainfall is greatest along the coast, especially in the Rokel River (Seli River) An Account of the Native Africans in the Neighbourhood of Sierra Leone; to which is added, an account of the present state of medicine among them. Key Facts. They correspond almost totally to the baseflow of the rivers, and the permeability of the substratum is high. pp 820, Cole NHA (1968) The vegetation of Sierra Leone. mountains. Gallinas and Sulima Rivers and the currents of these two rivers have formed a sand Scanned by Google. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Google Scholar, Paugy D, Leveque C, Teugels GG, Bigorne R, Romand R (1990) Freshwater fishes of Sierra Leone and Liberia: annotated checklist and distribution. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. IUCN, London. Examines the Hut Tax and resulting conflict. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. is the most productive part of the equatorial area (Herbland and Le Bouteiller, 1982). The estuary which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) became a Ramsar wetland site of importance in 1999. Republic of Sierra Leone, Area: A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The Rokel River originates in the Loma Sierra Leone Peninsula; a zone of low-lying coastal marshland along the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 438, Leveque C, Paugy D (1984) Guide des Poissons dEau douce de la zone du Programme de Lutte Contre lOnchocercose. GlobalGeografia.com Mol Phylogenet Evol 68:6480. By C.B. Sierra Leone. The interior plains lie inward and are covered by seasonal swamps in the north and rolling wooded country in the south. Flag. whereas in the wet season the average salinity value is 19.7/00 (Longhurst, 1983). The West African country of Sierra Leone occupies an area of 71,740 sq. This Africa protected areas related article is a stub. The cyclothem (series of beds deposited) in Sierra Leone reaches of estuaries. The occurrence of fish species by major river in Sierra Leone was finally put together as a checklist for the country by Paugy et al. Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. J zool Lond 171:2539, Article Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Abell R, Michele LT, Rvavenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Barderas SD, Stiassny ML, Skelton P, Allen GR, Unmack P, Naseka A, Ng R, Sindorf N, Robertdon J, Armijo E, Hoggins JV, Heibel TJ, Wikramanyake E, Olson D, Lopez HL, Reis RE, Lundberg JG, Sabaj Perez MH, Petry P (2008) Freshwater ecoregions of the world: a new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. Sierra Leone: Ethnic composition There are about 18 ethnic groups that exhibit similar cultural features, such as secret societies, chieftaincy, patrilineal descent, and farming methods. The dry season lasts from November to RSPB, Sandy, UK, p 45, Philippart J-C, Ruwet J-C (1982) Ecology and distribution of tilapias. Scanned by Google. Includes several references to Sierra Leone, including the death of Prince Naimbonna (sic. The geological formation in this group is reported to be of the Tabe formation with glacial sediments dominating its eastern edge and are exposed along the river in some stretches; the geological formation noted in the river is granite rocks. [7] Geologically it is a tectonically controlled basin with formations of Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian and Pleistocene age. It is indented with many estuaries and creeks. Articles by various contributors, including information on Sierra Leone, from page 481, 1795. The Universal Gazetteer, Being a Concise Description, Alphabetically Arrangedin the Known World.
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