Use tab to navigate through the menu items. There were no bureaucrats to rein in the Fascists. Paper 2 questions- Origins and development of Authoritarian and single-party states Emergence of Authoritarian States: - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors, social division, impact of war, weakness of political system. 83 - How did Castro deal with Lanz + Urrutria, and how did this reflect on him as leader? (May 05), Compare and contrast the repressive policies of Hitler and Stalin. Photo of young Italian boys wearing Ballilla uniforms. Vietnams leaders, for example, responded to the countrys first confirmed infections as early as January, imposing travel restrictions and quarantines with a speed that made it a textbook case of an effective response to the public health emergency. How were the Italian, German, Japanese, and Soviet authoritarian efforts in the 1920s and 1930s similar? (Nov 2009), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power ofoneruler of a single-party state. Organized into collective action by the state, young people supplied political energy to Fascism in Italy and elsewhere. Compare and contrast the importance of propaganda to the emergence of two authoritarian states. The Fascists soon followed up with assaults throughout the region. 20. Authoritarian leaders revel in projecting an image of strength. 95 - Outline why the Rectification Campaign of 1986 was launched, and what were the results'. -Political instability. Photo of the fascist military forces known as the Blackshirts marching down an Italian street in Parma. Everything seemed to be falling into place for a Fascist revolution. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system; In Iran, in late February as the coronavirus began spreading through the country, Shia clerics vociferously resisted government demands that major shrines be closedan encapsulation of the power of the countrys religious establishment. Unit Objectives: Authoritarian and Single Party States. Before you read the article, you should skim it first. How the state emerged and how power was established - economic, social and political factors; use of propaganda, force,. The Fascists argued that in invading Libya, they were creating a new Roman Empire, thus playing to Italian nationalism. Communist Party: -Fear of Bolshevik revolution. Dont assume western democracy will last forever, Ukraine ammunition depot reportedly hit in wave of Russian missile attacks. Before the onset of the Great Depression in Germany in 1929-1930, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party for short) was a small party on the radical right of the German political spectrum. Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. Economic conditions stabilized for a few years, then the worldwide depression hit in 1929. A devastating biological virus has translated into a damaging political virus that has markedly eroded the overall state of freedom in the world in just six months. Beijing says it respects status of countries such as Ukraine after ambassadors comments spark row. We can see how Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and others began to attack journalists, control the flow of information, and stir up nationalism by persecuting ethnic minorities or invading desirable lands. How successful was it? At the end of the third read, you should be able to respond to these questions: In this unit we see the rise of governments that have certain political characteristics. And indeed, rising instability, aggression, racism, and fear triggered the eruption of the Second World War. Analyze the conditions that enabled one left-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. Of the many fascist states that emerged between the two world wars, Hitler's Germany was the most notoriousbut Mussolini's Italy was the first. - Outline Castro's health and education policies. The democratic nature of the Weimar Republic paradoxically led directly to the creation of Nazi authoritarian state, as it created an environment of expression and new ideas in which Nazism flourished. But Beijing is nonetheless working to amplify authoritarianism around the world. We draw on over a decade of fieldwork in the Salween River Basin where dams and diversions have been proposed since 1979, including the most recent iteration, the Yuam . In Egypt and Russia, doctors who criticize or challenge the governments response to the pandemic risk detention or physical retaliation. (1) How did Fidel Castro rise to power in Cuba? of three authoritarian states should be studied. A rising authoritarian wave. Summarise how Castro established control, and how he dealt with external and internal enemies 'Maintenance of power was reliant upon the silencing of opposition". Battle for Lira: Fail (tried to revalue Lira but artificially raised value which resulted in declining exports), -Breeders -Frequent changes of chancellor. In the aftermath of World War I, Germans struggled to understand their countrys uncertain future. The ISW said while this tactic may be useful for maintaining authoritarian rule in the Kremlin, it is "disruptive" to efforts to command the military and results in "the return of formerly demoted . Yet many other authoritarian or authoritarian-leaning leaders have shown startling weakness in facing the pandemic, falling back on deeply ingrained habits of lying to deny inconvenient facts, spin conspiracy theories, and create alternative realities. Unsurprisingly, the economic conditions in a nation have long played an integral role in the emergence of authoritarian states, with such an idea perfectly illustrated through the establishment of Benito Mussolini's fascist authoritarian state . These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. Gagauzias Election Could Help Russia Destabilize Moldova. First he attacked the Greek island of Corfu. "The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. There, tensions over pay and work conditions had put landowning farmers in conflict with Socialist-backed workers. Create a potted biography of an authoritarian state identified in the article. By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. They would destroy their political opponents and, under Mussolinis leadership, create a totalitarian state. The de-regulation of financial capital threatens to bring us back to capitalist authoritarianism that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. However, in Indonesia the democratic process was suspended altogether and after about a decade of independence . While downplaying more extreme Nazi goals, they offered simple solutions to Germanys problems, exploiting peoples fears, frustrations, and hopes. Fear of revolution. Although not really fascist, these governments were heavily influenced by military and industrial leaders because both sectors wanted Japan to take over territories in Asia. His position and apparent support for Chinas efforts to play peacemaker in the Russian invasion of Ukraine contrasts with a more hawkish approach from the European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen. But deep-seated attitudes about racial hierarchy played out during the conflict. David Eacker is a Ph.D. student in History at Indiana UniversityBloomington. The early deterioration of the post-colonial African state into personalized and authoritarian rule in this manner mirrored the concerns that anchor refugee law in the first place as a special regime for persons who have well-grounded fear of persecution by reason of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or . If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. The purge created an environment of intense political terror. And despite their differences, the fact that they all happened in a similar time period suggests that there was some global pattern making them all possible. Account for theineffectiveness of internal opposition to two rulers of single-party states. As the biggest governance test in recent memoryone that many authoritarians are failingthe pandemic and its ensuing economic devastation will turbocharge this underlying driver of global political change. colonial rule (1910-1945). -Must give jobs to men Many veterans and other citizens struggled to understand Germanys defeat and the uncertain future. Why do you think so many people in Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union embraced fascist or authoritarian ideologies and actions, even those that were violent and repressive. - DAMAGEdamages relationship with France and Britain Battle for Grain: Success (grow more cereal to cut back on foreign imports) The projection of national power overseas resonated with many Italians. Leaders of trade unions and opposition parties were arrested. After initial success in containing the virus, Singapore was struck by subsequent outbreaks among its population of migrant workers. (Specimen), The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology. To what extent do you agree with this assertion? Authoritarian State (Castro) Emergence of Authoritarian States Conditions in which the authoritarian state emerged (Economic-Social Division-Impact of War-Weakness of Political System) Conditions Economic Factors: o In the 19th Century, Cuba's economy entirely depended on the exportation of slave produced goods and trade with the U.S o U.S companies owned many Cuban plantations 94-5 - What economic problems did Cuba face? World history topic 10: Authoritarian states (20th century) This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. Lu Shaye, Chinas ambassador to France, said independent states that emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union lacked actual status in international law. How consistent was this vision to Cuba in reality? -unmarried men 35+ were taxed more All rights reserved. Taking advantage of new modes and media that emerged in the early twentieth century, these . - abortion and divorce were illegal, -Racism appeared a bit in Romanita movement: 'prestigious race' needed to create and maintain empire Early success in the Po Valley. Lu has previously acknowledged being part of the wolf warrior class of Chinese diplomats, a nickname given to envoys who respond vehemently to critics they perceive as hostile to China. Hitlers ideological goals included territorial expansion, consolidation of a racially pure state, and elimination of the European Jews and other perceived enemies of Germany. For the first time, women were working outside the home in large numbers, and the new constitution gave women the right to vote. Emergence of authoritarian states. 81-82 - What events and influences caused him to adopt an increasingly Communist position? This resulted in the Great Purge of 1936-38. Public domain. 90-92 - How did Castro deal with the continuing US attempts to oust him? Finally, the outcome of the campaign affirmed the Fascist view that, at the end of the day, violent struggle led to power. Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 1918-1933, NARRATOR: To what extent did economic factors contribute to the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from a di erent region? The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. Green Politics Could Have an Outsized Impact on Trkiyes Elections, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. It became clear that Socialism was one of Fascisms main political enemies. We include resources for teaching with limited class time, for English/Language Arts, and for History classes. Among his achievements was the creation of organizations designed to make children grow up to be good Fascists. - How was land reform implemented from 1950s onwards? - What solutions were implemented? Why do you think Mussolini was less successful than Hitler in this respect? The German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier warned this year that there is a "worldwide fascination with authoritarianism".. Japan already had some colonies, including Korea, but many military and business leaders argued that Japan deserved to rule most of Asia. The conquest of Ethiopia prompted Fascists to set harsher boundaries of who could be assimilated and who could not. Japan still had a problem of too few natural resources, and they needed minerals, timber, and oil from abroad. 87-88 - What internal threats existed to Castro and how were they dealt with? First he attacked the Greek island of Corfu. The idea was that non- Italians could become Italian if they assimilated to Italian culture and pledged loyalty to the nation. This article details some of those experiments. Try as they will to distort reality and spin fables, the many nondemocratic leaders and regimes that have stumbled in tackling the pandemic now face citizens with powerful new grounds for grievance and distrust. It cannot be that two million Germans should have fallen in vain, Adolf Hitler later wrote. New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. This policy extended not only to sexual relations and marriage, but to any kind of social relationship at all. Rightwing propaganda and demonstrations played on fears of a Communist revolution spreading from the Soviet Union. (May 2005), To what extent were the social and economic policies of one of the following successful: Mao, Nasser, Stalin? At home, meanwhile, the Japanese government increasingly pushed down any opposition to their war effort. In lieu of claiming that the coronavirus was invisible and therefore not present, quite a few authoritarian leaders have made themselves invisible instead. The fighting nourished the Fascists belief in violence as the true path to manhood. Lithuanias foreign minister, Gabrielius Landsbergis, said the diplomats would be asked to explain if Chinas position has changed and reminded were not post-Soviet countries but countries that were illegally occupied by the Soviet Union. These decisions affected political officials, army members, peasants, ethnic minorities, artists, scientists, intellectuals, foreigners, and ordinary Soviet citizens. After nearly two years of fighting and more than one-hundred deaths, the Fascists had defeated the Socialists. He also supported the brutal suppression of anti-colonial resistance in Libya. Examine the role of education and propaganda in the maintenance of power in Maos China. Lack of leadership. Direct link to Yagnesh Peddatimmareddy's post mussolini created a dicta, Posted a month ago. All rights reserved. The EUs top diplomat, Josep Borrell, said the bloc would reassess and recalibrate our strategy towards China, adding that foreign ministers would discuss Lus statements as part of planned EU talks on China on Monday. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. The theoretical framework of this study on democratic and authoritarian post-colonial states is based on an historical study of the emergence of the dominant class forces that shaped the types of regimes found in Malaysia and Indonesia. At the end of the third read, you should be able to respond to these questions: Looking back on history, we can often see patterns emerging just before dangerous or terrible events occurred. They believed victory on the battlefield abroad would bring back the glory of ancient Rome and show the world Italy was a real player in the "game of empire." Adolf Hitler had been undisputed leader of the National Socialist German Workers Partyknown as Nazissince 1921. It became known as the war to end all wars. It cast an immense shadow on tens of millions of people. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, 2.) The president of Burundi assured his citizens that divine protection would suffice against the virus, while Venezuelas president trafficked in farfetched conspiracy theories and promoted on social media the use of herbal concoctions to treat the virus. Mussolini, founder of the Italian National Fascist party, was among the first to experiment in this way. Although there was much weakness in the political system of Weimar Germany from 1919-1933, one man stablised all areas of both politics and daily life for Germans, and hence must be considered a key block in the Nazis' rise to power. that a minimum of three authoritarian states should be studied. 1. To do so, three practices are studied . When the government chose not to intervene in this conflict, the Fascists used the fighting to gain power in the region. Topic 10 Authoritarian states (20th century) 19. The major conditions that led to an authoritarian state were treaties that were signed in the 20 th century. The conservative politicians in the new Cabinet didnt like or trust Hitler, but they liked democracy even less, and they saw the leftist parties as a bigger threat. The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. Italian rule included segregation, and policies prohibited interracial relations. In recent months, countries such as Algeria, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Russia, Thailand, and Uzbekistan have passed so-called fake news laws related to the pandemic that criminalize criticisms of their governments responses to the public health emergency or even reporting of pandemic conditions that does not match the governments preferred narratives. He was offered a deal just as the Nazis started to lose votes. A second weakness of many authoritarian regimes in confronting the coronavirus is their suspicion or outright hostility toward independent voices and civil society. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, Ideology, Role of Leaders, Use of Force, Persuasion, Propaganda, RAS- local fascist leaders in charge of action squads, -M deployed squadristi (paramilitary of the PNF led by ras) to, -M renounced atheism to appeal to Catholic Church, -Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro (OND): recreational club for adults. In the 1920s, Mussolini pursued an aggressive foreign policy. Despite Nazi terror and brutal suppression of their opponents, many German citizens willingly accepted or actively supported these extreme measures in favor of order and security. The first world war, from 1914 to 1918, was fought throughout Europe and beyond. Namely, that certain groups, especially Jews, could not assimilate and would have to be removed entirely so the nation could thrive. (Nov 06), To what extent was the rise to power of either Hitler or Mao due to personal appeal and ability? authoritarianism, in politics and government, the blind submission to authority and the repression of individual freedom of thought and action. We engage geography's longstanding debate on what "counts" as resistance by introducing slow resistance to account for temporal-political strategies against unjust developments, particularly under authoritarian conditions. Yet this discouraging near-term political picture becomes less ominous, or at least less clear-cut, if one looks down the road. However, as we have seen, Mussolini's compromises with conservatives and liberal elites put up too many obstacles for this plan to succeed. A good government without propaganda is not more possible than good propaganda without a good government. NARRATOR: David has worked for two academic journals, Posted 2 years ago. 'Domestic policy rarely managed to achieve its aims', Discuss how far you agree with this statement with reference to two authoritarian states you have studied, both from different regions. Charismatic appeal rather than successful domestic policies enabled single-party leaders to maintain power. With reference to Mao, to what extent do you agree with this statement? All nations have an official type of government as designated in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. High inflation and unemployment. But this time it gathers . It may be all, some, or none: Photo of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini walking besides decorated members of the Italian military. While downplaying more extreme goals, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party offered simple solutions to Germanys problems, exploiting peoples fears, frustrations, and hopes to win broad support. In the 1930s, the Japanese government increasingly came under the control of authoritarian governments. The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. TTY: 202.488.0406, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that, Guidelines for Teaching About the Holocaust, Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 19181933, World War II and the Holocaust, 19391945, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. 95-6. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social . -Tried to limit Hitler's powers as chancellor in 1932. 80-81 - What threat did the US pose to this 'new' Cuba? Angry, aggrieved citizens are not a solid foundation for regime durability. - Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion, the role of leaders, ideology, the use of force, propaganda. Moreover, among democracies, those with leaders who have strong illiberal tendencies, like U.S. President Donald Trump and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, have done the worst in responding to the pandemic. In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws. 100. Standards of behavior were changing. The fighting in northern Italy had shaped the Fascist movement in four ways: By 1922, with these experiences behind them, Mussolini and his followers liked their chances of taking over Italy. Thus unlike minorities in Italy, Ethiopians were viewed by most Fascists as barbaric "others" who could never become Italian. Tsahkna added: I hope that there will be an explanation. 'Elsewhere these groups [like the Nazis] could have been ignored and allowed to die out. The leaders of Tajikistan and Turkmenistan both responded to the arrival of the virus by outright denying its presence in their countries. Step-by-step, Ethiopia became a state governed by a regime without moral or political constraints. The Fascists saw that the liberal state was weak and vulnerable to challenge. Only outside of Italy, in the arena of empire, were the Fascists really able to experiment with totalitarianism. Fascist squads racked up wins as they marched through the provinces crushing socialists, intimidating liberals, and deposing agents of the state. Evaluate the treatment of religious groups and minorities in two authoritarian states, each chosen from a different region. Both emerged as democratic post-colonial states. In 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia, and used similar harsh tactics.
Lexington County Mobile Home Regulations,
Charles Grodin Political Views,
Scottish Murders In The 1970s,
Eso God Of Schemes Does It Matter Who To Sacrifice,
Articles C