gerald cotten jennifer robertson

Crypto for Advisors What financial. That would require an extra fuel tank, the salesman explained, and a desalination system for drinking water. It was a terrible, terrible moment," she said. How could a seemingly healthy young man die suddenly from complications with Crohn's disease? His clients were locked out of about $250 million, and investigators later found widespread fraud. Widow of Quadriga crypto founder Gerald Cotten says she had no idea about the $215-million scam In an exclusive interview, Jennifer Robertson speaks out publicly about her deceased husband,. In some exits, the operator simply vanishes with the funds. So, if youre curious to find out more, weve got you covered. It was so hard to buy Bitcoin in Canada, says Cotten in his unflappably peppy, inquisitive voice, in a 2014 interview. Both would become regulars on the message boards (board whores) and seek each other out on similar HYIP sites; Cotten averaged four posts a day on TalkGold alone. When search suggestions are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Gerald Cotten, 30, was the CEO of QuadricaCX, the largest cryptocurrency exchange in Canada which defaulted last year following his death while abroad with his wife Jennifer Robertson.. Often Quadriga was the only Bitcoin company willing to pay for a sponsorship. Jennifer Kathleen Margaret Robertson (born 1988 as Jennifer Griffith [2] [1]) is a Canadian real estate developer best known as the heir and widow of the CEO of the controversial QuadrigaCX cryptocurrency exchange. And the fact that he did what he did I carry his shame with me. Robertson was also not her birth name; she had gone from her given name, Griffith, to Forgeron and then back, following an earlier marriage and its dissolution, before finally landing on Robertson in 2016. So, if youre curious to find out more, weve got you covered. A yacht salesman never asked what customers were looking to spend, or whether they had ever been on a yacht, let alone knew how to operate one. Quadriga sponsored local Bitcoin conventions and educational events, investments of $500 or $1,000 that yielded incalculable goodwill. Robertson isn't under investigation and has never faced criminal charges. After his wife, Jennifer Robertson, announced his death on Facebook in January 2019, conspiracy theories quickly began circulating amongst Quadriga users who believed Cotten wasn't dead at. But on December 9, 2018, Gerry died at a local hospital because of complications resulting from Crohns disease at the age of 30. In the fall of 2016, Bitcoin began its wild rise. Four desks in a weird room, no business operations going on. It was the behavior of a doomed gambler employing the martingale strategy, successively doubling down in a desperate effort to get back to zero, until he had dug a hole so deep that he could only be buried inside it. Through social media posts, court records, and other primary sources, author Kathleen Hale forensically reconstructs their lives before the crime, and the night they were killed. Robertson owns two other properties in her own name, including an island in Mahone Bay the couple purchased in September 2017 from Fox News personality Tucker Carlsonfor $161,250 well below the island's tax-assessed value of $349,400. Canadian real estate developer Jennifer Robertson met Quadriga CEO Gerald Cotten on Tinder in 2014. In one of his first posts he boasted of earning 30 percent monthly returns in HYIP investments. Inside the Dissident Fringe, Where the New Right Meets the Far Left, and Everyones Bracing for Apocalypse. Seasick marine biologist, turned journalist. The ethical distinctions between the models may have been vanishingly subtle, but the logic of the con would predict its fate, and Cottens. In February 2014, six weeks after Quadriga launched, Mt. Roberston said she's sorry for Cotten's actions and the harm he's caused. She has co-authored a book titled Bitcoin Widow: Love, Betrayal and the Missing Millions that details her experiences with Gerry. At least some of those accounts had also been emptied. It may be that he traded Quadrigas funds in a frantic effort to recoup the losses he had sustained. They traced the relationship back to 2003, to a dingy warren of a website called TalkGold. Matt Galloway talks to his widow, Jennifer Robertson, about what she did and didnt know. Gerald Cotten may have had a sophisticated grasp of cryptocurrency, but his expertisehis formal traininglay in the art of the confidence game. Cotten provided withdrawals manually, seeming to give preference to the customers who complained loudest in public forums. It put us in a particular place of need.. By painstakingly searching archived data from deleted websites, communicating on encrypted messaging services with anonymous sources, and analyzing public registration data, the Quadriga creditor who goes by the online moniker QCXINT, and a handful of other obsessives with handles like runbtc and Zerononcense, reconstructed the pairs entangled online lives. In Ernst & Youngs phraseone imagines its battalion of stern accountants in various shades of apoplexytypical segregation of duties and basic internal controls did not appear to exist. Most years Cotten neglected to file a personal tax return. It was the cheapest exchange, the fastest, and, by all appearances, the safestthe first Bitcoin trading platform to hold a money-services business license from FinTRAC, Canadas anti-money-laundering authority. Hes what youd call, says Mueller, a real motherfucker.. It was devoted to high-yield investment programs, or HYIPs, more commonly known as Ponzi schemes. He loved to fly: planes, helicopters, drones. A month passed before Robertson announced on Quadrigas Facebook page that Cotten had died. Wealth is freedom, read the prospectus. Their findings, though baroquely technical, could be distilled to a two-word conclusion: The initial portrait of Cotten that emerged in February 2018, once his death was announced through a Quadriga Facebook post, squared with the yacht salesmans impressions. Best Known As Gerald Cotten's Wife Jennifer Robertson's Husband Died On Their Honeymoon Cotten's Death Had The Crypto World In A Frenzy Has Disappeared From The Limelight Gerald Cotten was the founder of QuadrigaCX, once Canada's largest cryptocurrency exchange. Everything was going well until the press released the news of his death. OFFICE SPACE Because Canadian banks wanted nothing to do with Bitcoin, users had to transfer funds through a series of intermediaries, bleeding transaction fees. Quadriga raised nearly C$850,000 in private capital, but Cotten ultimately abandoned the effort after a dispute with one of the major investors. The first Bitcoin block was created on January 3, 2009, and the currency gained economic value on May 22, 2010, a date enshrined in Bitcoin lore as Pizza Day, when a Florida man paid someone in England 10,000 Bitcoins to order him two pizzas from Papa Johns. But it was his past that, early on, became the focus of the Quadriga investigation. Jennifer Robertson and Gerald Cotten married in 2018. "Whenever people put their money into the exchange, he sort of used it as his personal slush fund," she said. Be a smarter, safer investor in eight weeks. Cotten had mentioned having a safe bolted to the rafters in the attic of his home in which he had stored the passwords to his various cryptocurrency accounts. At the time, he was the CEO of QuadrigaCX, a company that performed cryptocurrency exchanges. In December 2018, Jennifer and Gerry traveled to Jaipur, India, for their honeymoon. A couple of years after graduation, Cotten moved to Vancouver and joined a clubby community of entrepreneurs who had become enamored with Bitcoin. [3] Robertson's first marriage, to Jacob Forgernon, ended in divorcer. Perhaps Cottens obsessive foreign travelhe boasted of having visited more than 50 countries without ever having been searched by customswas inspired not by wanderlust but by strategy. Sign up for our daily Hive newsletter and never miss a story. Cottens reputation as a cryptocurrency true believer survived his death on December 9, 2018. Soon they were responding to each others public posts with inside jokes. He used to say he didnt open up to many people, but he was able to open up to me.. Josh Marcus reports on the life and lies of the 'Bitcoin Widow' Thursday 14. The public bid was a last-ditch effort to salvage a flailing Ponzi, exploiting positive press and public sympathy to bilk money from investors. Forensically examining Instagram accounts, interviews, and police reports, author Kathleen Hale reconstructs their relationship, and ultimately Petitos murder. Gerry the Mastermind would count on the world believing he was reckless, greedy, and dead. His name was Gerald Cotten, and he went by Gerry; his girlfriend was a property manager named Jennifer Robertson, or Jen; her two Chihuahuas, who liked to sun themselves on the deck as the. The widow of cryptocurrency exchange founder Gerald Cotten, as well as a company registered in her name, own$7.5 million of Nova Scotia real estate that was purchased in the past 2years. The Quadriga Fund was an HYIP that claimed to invest in venture capital projects and foreign currency exchange markets; it could be funded with Liberty Reserve and Bitcoin, using payment processors operated by Patryn. After Bitcoin collapsedand the withdrawal complaints turned into lawsuits, negative press, and the threat of a formal investigationCotten got married, wrote a will, flew to India for his honeymoon, and disappeared. Gerald Cotten died suddenly in 2018 and took keys to $250 million in cryptocurrency assets to his grave. Call it the Mastermind Theory. Carlson was identified on the deedas general manager ofIsland Limited Partnership,registered in Maine. But users claimed they received deposits from Jennifer directly, seemingly contradicting her statement. Less than three months later, the Quadriga Fund was dead, and Quadriga CX went live. We had no idea about the Ponzi aspect.). Once he left it behind on the Gulliver, which caused a momentary hysteria as the yacht had already departed the dock. After he squandered what remained in Quadrigas coffers, the price of Bitcoin plunged, and there was a run on the exchange. Robertson and Cotten met on a Tinder date in 2014, when they were both around 26 years old. There was no such constraint on the outraged creditorsor the true believers who saw in Quadrigas collapse an existential threat to cryptocurrencys integrity at just the moment it had assumed an eggshell veneer of legitimacy. Patryn had said that Cotten was like a little brother to me. This was how those who had known both of them saw it too, though the characterization usually wasnt intended as a compliment. In this way Cotten could have stowed away a fortune in foreign bank accounts in preparation for a grand exit. About 76,000 individuals held accounts on Quadriga, and some of the most technically sophisticated of them were out hundreds of thousands of dollars or more. Essentially, Gerry gambled away customer money through trading. According to Quadrigas last public filings in 2015, it operated in a deficit. Quadriga Fintech Solutions Corp. shut down in January following the death of founder and Chief Executive Officer Gerald Cotten, leaving some 115,000 customers out of pocket for about $260 million in cryptocurrencies and cash. He had seemed to appear in Vancouver out of thin air. Cotten himself warned of this danger during a 2014 interview. In his will, Cotten bequeathed"any interest I may own"in the company to his"spouse's mother Carol Terry, and her spouse, Thomas Beazley.". Vanity Fair may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. There were other financial problems for Cotten, too: CIBC had frozen $26 millionof the company's funds because of "suspicious activity" and another $10 millionwas locked away by a software bug. Amidturmoil in the cryptocurrency market, Cotten and Robertson got married and decided to travel to Jaipur, India, for their honeymoon. After his death, investigators discovered he used the money as his own personal slush fund. Back in 2018, 30-year-old Cotten took a trip to India with his now widow Jennifer Robertson for their honeymoon and to open an orphanage. Deeds for properties she bought in 2016 show she was once known as Jennifer Forgeron. In HYIP chat rooms, Cotten and Patryn defended each other against angry investors and posed as satisfied clients of each others various businesses; Patryns tended to be payment processors, Cottens were marginally more sophisticated iterations of S&S Investments. A quadriga is a chariot yoked to four horses abreast. (At press time those pizzas would be valued at $82,373,500.) Jennifer stressed she had no knowledge of her husbands fraudulent activities and wondered why he did what he did. They married four years later in October 2018, living a luxury lifestyle, including. I dont get to hold myself blameless. Once, Cotten mentioned that his business partner was visiting Toronto and asked her to coffee. At the time, he was the CEO of QuadrigaCX, a company that performed cryptocurrency exchanges. Cotten flushed. But it came from a place of organizationhe knew what he was doing. Here's everything you need to know, had been moving money from the exchange into his personal accounts, she agreed to forfeit $12 million in assets, to wait weeks before letting investors know, CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices. There were limits, furthermore, to the scope of the monitors investigation. But within a month after Cottens reported death, blockchain investigators proved that nearly all of the inaccessible wallets were empty. It was also revealed that Cotten had written his will just four days before leaving for India. Cotten died later that same year of complications from Crohn's disease, when the couple was on a honeymoon in India. Most of these early acolytes were drawn to the digital currencys libertarian ethos, its promises of decentralization, transparency, speed, and independence from governments and financial institutions. Sometimes hed introduce himself as Michael from India. Quadriga mystery deepens with little evidence of cold wallets containing $250M, QuadrigaCX founder used aliases, moved assets into personal accounts: report, Lawyers for QuadrigaCX clients seek exhumation of late founder's remains, Curious about cryptocurrency? Gerry stopped running the company legally and ethically from a filing standpoint after all of the employees, directors and officers left in January 2016, he wrote recently. Quadriga installed a Bitcoin ATM in its office, the second of its kind in Canada, and accepted gold by the ounce, which could be dropped off in person. Gerald Cotten, a Nova Scotia resident originally from Ontario, was 30 years old when he died suddenly while travelling in India on Dec. 9 -- leaving his virtual company, QuadrigaCX, without access . (TalkGold was run by twins Edward and Brian Krassenstein until 2016, when agents from the Office of Homeland Security seized their files and froze their assets but never charged them with a crime. After learning of his death, one of his contractors immediately went to the house and searched for it. In 2017, as the price of a Bitcoin shot to nearly $20,000, Quadriga processed nearly $2 billion in trades from 363,000 individual accounts. Two other properties, including Cotten and Robertson's home in Fall River, have been transferred to the Seaglass Trust, which lists Robertson as a trustee. In a gambit of either flagrant carelessness or irrepressible egotism, Dhanani officially changed his name to the pseudonym he had used in his online criminal ventures, first to Omar Patryn and later to Michael Patryn. Dhanani, who was known on another message board as an expert in washing funds, was arrested in Southern California, where he was living with his family. When he did file, he claimed no income from Quadriga. Be a smarter, safer investor in eight weeks. Which Pubs and inns in Cornwall are suitable for children, which have a rich history, and where will visitors find the best deals and food. She wanted to sell the Gulliver. It is a priority for CBC to create products that are accessible to all in Canada including people with visual, hearing, motor and cognitive challenges. There was a high tolerance for risk in the community, especially in 2015, she says today. But in February 2018, his. It looked hollow. Weinberg and several others who visited the office for Bitcoin meetups saw stacks of hundreds of payroll checks in the names of businesses that were not Quadriga, addressed to people who were not Quadriga employees. The couple enjoyed the newfound wealth, traveling to exotic locations and buying properties in addition to a boat and a plane. Jennifer Robertson was widowed whenCotten, the founder ofQuadrigaCX, died suddenly in India in December, leaving behind a business in chaos and as much as $180 million of cryptocurrency locked in his encrypted laptop and USB keys. "It never occurred to me [that he was breaking the law]," said Robertson. In November 2013 Cotten and an older business partner, Michael Patryn, an authority on currency trading with passions for Brazilian jujitsu and luxury automobiles, incorporated the Quadriga coin exchange, or QuadrigaCX (named, for reasons that were not immediately clear, after the horse-drawn chariots of the Roman Empire). The will made no mention of the external hard drives, called cold wallets, in which Cotten had stored most of Quadrigas funds. The following afternoon Robertson returned with the body to Canada. Inside Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushners Gilded Florida ParadiseFar From Donald Trump or 2024, Chaos lingers at the periphery, but the Trump-Kushner marriage is thriving in exile. On May 24, 2013, federal agents in 17 countries arrested Liberty Reserves administrators, shuttering its website and seizing its records and bank accounts. The official cause of death was complications from Crohns disease, but the gastroenterologist who treated Cotten told the Globe and Mail that the death still haunted him. Barely more than 24 hours after the onset of a stomachache, he was pronounced dead. Cotten opened his account three months later, shortly after his 15th birthday. Quadrigas entire board resigned, leaving Cotten as Quadrigas only full-time employee. The company took a cut from every Bitcoin trade on its platform. To remind, Gerald Cotten, died from complications of Crohn's disease while on a visit to India. It is a priority for CBC to create products that are accessible to all in Canada including people with visual, hearing, motor and cognitive challenges. He is now a data journalist in Halifax, and you can reach him at (902) 456-9180, by email at jack.julian@cbc.ca or follow him on Twitter @jackjulian, Audience Relations, CBC P.O. If you blur your eyes, this narrativeGerry Tries to Make Goodnearly coheres. In the original account, Cotten fell sick nine days into his Indian honeymoon, shortly after checking into the Oberoi Rajvilas in Jaipur on December 8, 2018. Because Canadian banks refused to accept cryptocurrency businesses as clients, Quadriga had to rely on third-party processors, which levied outrageous fees and in some cases stole funds outright. Far more likely is the narrative of Gerry the Royal Fuckup. She attributed that to a failed marriage and not liking her birth name (Griffith). The Royal Canadian Mounted Police asked questions so rudimentary that they shocked the experts they interviewed. Looking for more? Creditors began to ask questions online about the authenticity of the formal documents in a country notorious for the ease at which falsified documents can be purchased, particularly after they learned that the death certificate misspelled Cottens name, and that the former chairman and managing director of the company that ran the hospital had been convicted of financial fraud two months earlier. It's not clear if the Nova Scotiaproperties will be caught up in the efforts byQuadriga'sclients to recoup their losses. The operator of an exchange on which Cotten opened accounts told Ernst & Young that Cotten had squandered most of his holdings on reckless trades. Sunnybrook is the largest yacht brokerage on Canadas east coast. He ran the business from his MacBook Pro, which he always carried with him. Exit Scam: The Death and Afterlife of Gerald Cotten. She is listed as itspresident, secretary and sole director. He named his boat the Gulliver, after the traveler who trusted himself to the mercy of the waves and swam as fortune directed him. "Details emerging about Gerald Cotten, the young founder of QuadrigaCX". Traditional law enforcement, meanwhile, had only the vaguest understanding of the subject. Cottens trades were so bizarre, and so risky, that this seemed plausiblejust as plausible, perhaps, as the idea that Cotten believed a series of Hail Mary bets on Zcash would come through. In 2014 Cotten spoke publicly of moving currencies between exchanges to take advantage of arbitrage opportunities. Jennifer Robertson told CBC's The National she knew nothing of the widespread fraud her husband had committed. It put strangers at ease; it made him seem lighthearted. Investigative journalists Amy Castor and Takara Small have spent years following and reporting on the Quadriga scandal. When Cotten died, Jennifer and Cotten tied the knot a little earlier. Cotten's company, QuadrigaCX, expanded exponentially, and the twentysomethings soon became wealthy beyond their wildest dreams. When search suggestions are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. There is yet another possibility, one that none of the cases investigators is willing to discount. As Quadriga customers tried to pull their money from the exchange, they were met with long waits to access their funds. And Ill carry that shame with me, probably, every single day for the rest of my life.. Gerry appeared to have taken full control, says Andrew Wagner. He might even be eating cheeseburgers and drinking beer. (Candace Berry. Newsweek Newsletter sign-up > They married four years later in October 2018, living a. Netflixs Trust No One: The Hunt for the Crypto King delves into the circumstances surrounding Gerrys death and what happened to the company after that. He was not an evil dude, said Freddie Heartline, a founder of the Bitcoin Co-op, when asked about the missing millions. In February 2019, Jennifer insisted she was not privy to the companys business, asserting that Gerry was solely responsible for its dealings. Before doctors could stabilize him, his heart stopped; he was revived, and his heart stopped again. She told clients and friends to avoid Quadriga. As the cryptocurrency soared in value, Robertson and Cotten lived a life of luxury that included exotic vacations, luxury vehicles, a yacht and a Cessna aircraft. The strangely familiar nightmare of impeaching Trump Clues to the identity of Anonymous, who wrote the explosive White House op-ed Former Fox News staffers demand to be released from their NDAs Why crypto-crooks have their sights set on Iceland A sustained booing reveals Trumps true face From the archive: A portrait of Kim Jong Un, part man, part myth. He used to crack jokes all the time. After Cotten's death, she agreed to forfeit $12 million in assets that included vehicles and real estate. More than three years after the sudden death of Quadriga CEO Gerald Cotten and the revelations that the company was a massive cryptocurrency scam, his widow, Jennifer Robertson, tells her side of the story. The smiling boy visited Sunnybrook Yachts in the summer of 2017, after the value of Bitcoin had reached an all-time high, having tripled in five months. In 2010 he graduated with a bachelors degree in business administration from an honors program at York Universitys Schulich School of Business in Toronto. Other red flags raised by investors surrounding Cotten's death included his name being spelled incorrectly on the death certificate and his closed casket funeral. In leaked text messages sent before his death, Cotten bragged about his extravagances (Im still cleaning the mess from our fondue party we had on the weekend lol); mentioned having a safe bolted to the rafters in the attic; joked about retiring soon; and referred to his honeymoon in scare quotes. He neglected to disclose, however, that he filled those fake accounts with invented funds, trading counterfeit Bitcoin for real Bitcoin and Canadian and American dollars. Cotten ran his own succession of schemes throughout those years, during which he also attended an undergraduate honors program at York Universitys Schulich School of Business. Eventually, an investigation revealed that Gerry had committed fraud using customer money. When Canadian blockchain whiz Gerald Cotten died unexpectedly last year, hundreds of millions of dollars in investor funds vanished into the crypto ether. Nobody followed up with him. "I did let that go to the lawyers and the contractors, and I trusted that they knew what to do," she said. Robertson maintains she knew little about the company's inner workings, and largely did as she was told. Its clients tended to be surgeons and litigators and C-suiters who travel from Toronto and Paris and Hawaii to summer in Nova Scotia; their wives wear silks and Manolos and perfect fingernails that cost $300 yesterday at the salon. He might still be collaborating with Patryn, or Patryn might be trying to track him down in a final act of Con vs. Con. After hearing that Patryn had been bragging all over Vancouver about his talent for laundering money, Mueller unearthed the connection to Dhanani. She was apologetic about people losing their money, saying, I would have never, ever stolen from other people. Bitcoin would enable more than two billion people who lacked access to banks to send and receive payment; it would offer stability to citizens of countries with chaotic currencies; it would eliminate all banking fees. By the time of his death, Cottens sham trading accountswhich had names like Aretwo Deetwo and Seethree Peaohhhad conducted approximately 300,000 trades. He also created dozens of false trading accounts to stimulate trading volume on the platforma fact he even disclosed in the 2015 filings. A podcast about the collapse of the crypto exchange Quadriga after the death of its founder in India. Most people, a year after his death, already have. He was my best friend. It's a possibility that I was wearing rose-coloured glasses.". Quadriga Fund claimed to be operated by four (unnamed) investment managers. The couple lived in a three-bedroom in Fall River, north of Halifax, a rich suburb only recently carved out of a forest near a long dark lake; Cotten owned a third home in Kelowna, in British Columbias wine country; a fourth in Calgary; and 14 rental properties in Nova Scotia, including, in Bedford, every house on a dead-end street. He never mentioned Patryn in her presence again. On their honeymoon in India, they intended to visit Robertson and Gerald Cotten House in Jaipur. Robertson said something Cotten said around the time they were drawing up the will didn't sit right with her. TalkGold was a Ponzi clearinghouse, where blind faith and curdled cynicism engaged in a demonic rumba. With that, Bitcoin became like any other form of currency, a mass delusion: Its value derived from the belief that it had value. But when she met Cotten at the Toronto Bitcoin hub Decentral, she found him funny and sweet. They asked me about 20 times if he was alive, says one witness who has intimate knowledge of Quadrigas workings and has been questioned by both agencies. Trust No One: The Hunt for the Crypto King delves into the circumstances surrounding Gerrys death and what happened to the company after that. And exhuming the body would be a really huge step. And he willas long as everyone else believes he hasnt. She froze and said something about having to shampoo her cats. His news career began on the morning of Sept. 3, 1998 following the crash of Swissair 111. Jennifer Robertson is the widow of Gerald Cotten, who died suddenly in India in December, leaving his business in chaos and as much as $180 million of cryptocurrency locked in his encrypted laptop and USB keys. Without them, our events would have stopped. Preppers, techies, hippies, and yuppies are converging on the American West, the safest place to exit a society gone haywire. Sometimes hed say he was Michael from Pakistan. He was described as an ex-business partner who had met Cotten online over five years ago. He was like a ray of sunshine, Patryn told the interviewer. The circumstances around Cotten's sudden death left investorswith questions. Gerry and Alex [Hanin, a web developer] created and ran Quadriga, with Gerry running operations.) By 2015, however, the same information that the TalkGold community had gleaned a decade earlier was starting to surface on Reddit: that Michael Patryn was really Omar Dhanani, a convicted thief and defrauder with ties to organized crime. There were forums promoting promising new HYIPs; scam warnings; advice on creating ones own Ponzi, or how to get out early enough to profit; and offers of payment to boost fraudulent schemes on the site. It didn't take long for the withdrawals to become greater than Quadriga's profits. Was Quadriga built to last, in other words, or built to self-destruct? Pitbull is a pal, Carbone is for dinner, and, The Idaho Murders, Part 1: How 4 College Kids Lived and Loved. "I just really hated the questions, like, it seemed that I should have known," Robertson told CBC's Andrew Chang.

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gerald cotten jennifer robertson