When Sherman was nine years old his father, a successful lawyer on the Ohio Supreme court, unexpectedly died in 1829. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tecumseh_Sherman&oldid=1152383236, American military personnel of the Indian Wars, Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees, Commanding Generals of the United States Army, Testifying witnesses of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles prone to spam from December 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, William Tecumseh Jr. ("Willie") (18541863), Jenkins (19961999) (interim, 2004) (acting, 2008 and 2012), This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 22:39. [162] This precipitated a deep and long-lasting enmity between Sherman and Stanton, and it intensified Sherman's disdain for politicians. Charles Robert Sherman father Mary Sherman mother About Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman (USA) Union Army - U.S. Civil War. When Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 8 February 1820, in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, United States, his father, Hon. General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument - Wikipedia. [173] Sherman's views on race evolved significantly over time. Sherman, like many young officers who passed through Fort Moultrie in the antebellum period, described it . [232], Sherman regarded the expansion of the railroad system "as the most important element now in progress to facilitate the military interests of our Frontier". [10][259] During this period, he remained in contact with war veterans, and he was an active member of various social and charitable organizations. posed that the Sherman stamp be is-sued only if the federal government promised to pay for the devastation the Northern commander had heaped on the Peach State in 1864.1 Thus, although three-quarters of a century had elapsed since those fate-ful Civil War days, the South had maintained a deep-seated hatred for William T. Sherman. "General Sherman" and "William Sherman" redirect here. "[64], Sherman departed Louisiana and traveled to Washington, D.C., possibly in the hope of securing a position in the U.S. Army. [290] Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Southern ideals of chivalry supposedly embodied by General Lee. He was particularly interested in targeting South Carolina, the first state to secede from the Union, because of the effect that it would have on Southern morale. Sherman had, up to that point, achieved mixed success as a general, and controversy attached especially to his performance at Chattanooga. [33] Sherman and Halleck lived in a house in Monterey, now known as the "Sherman Quarters", from 1847 to 1849. As long as resistance is made[,] death must be meted out, but the moment all resistance ceases, the firing will stop and all survivors turned over to the proper Indian agent". Indeed, he had written to his wife that if he took more precautions "they'd call me crazy again". William M Biss 1825 - 1901. [83] While he was at home, his wife Ellen wrote to his brother, Senator John Sherman, seeking advice and complaining of "that melancholy insanity to which your family is subject". [165], Sherman was not an abolitionist before the war and, like others of his time and background, he did not believe in "Negro equality". [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. [305] Saint-Gaudens's Bust of William Tecumseh Sherman, which he used as the basis for the larger Memorial, is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Their second-oldest daughter Mary Elizabeth Sherman (a.k.a., "Lizzie") is buried to the left. This frontal assault was intended as a diversion, but it unexpectedly succeeded in capturing the enemy's entrenchments and routing the Confederate Army of Tennessee, bringing the Union's Chattanooga campaign to a successful completion. "[235] In 1867, he wrote to Grant that "we are not going to let a few thieving, ragged Indians check and stop the progress" of the railroads. [24] Fellow cadet William Rosecrans remembered Sherman as "one of the brightest and most popular fellows" at the academy and as "a bright-eyed, red-headed fellow, who was always prepared for a lark of any kind". Free delivery for many products! [221], In this general connection, it is also noteworthy that Sherman and his subordinates (particularly John A. Logan) took steps to protect Raleigh, North Carolina, from acts of revenge after the assassination of President Lincoln.[222][223]. All other "editions" of Sherman's memoirs are re-printings of the 1889 or, in some cases, the 1875 edition.[266]. Born William Tecumseh SHERMAN. [133] Sherman's success caused the collapse of the once powerful "Copperhead" faction within the Democratic Party, which had advocated immediate peace negotiations with the Confederacy. You have chosen this person to be their own family member. At first you will make headway, but as your limited resources begin to fail, shut out from the markets of Europe as you will be, your cause will begin to wane. Sherman survived two shipwrecks and floated through the Golden Gate on the overturned hull of a foundering lumber schooner. "[71] In May, however, he offered himself for service in the regular Army. [192] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[193] Victor Davis Hanson,[194] and Brian Holden-Reid. Sherman wrote both to his brother, Senator John Sherman, and to General Grant vehemently repudiating any such promotion. He was the sixth of eleven children born to Judge Charles and Mary Hoyt Sherman. [138], After November elections, Sherman began marching on November 15 with 62,000 men in the direction of the port city of Savannah, Georgia,[139] living off the land and causing, by his own estimate, more than $100million in property damage. Sherman". [226] To escape from these difficulties, Sherman moved his headquarters to St. Louis in 1874. Some of the most recently added connections of famous kin for General William Tecumseh Sherman Alice French (aka Octave Thanet) Novelist and Short Story Writer 6th cousin 1 time removed via Rev. After the death of John A. Rawlins, Sherman also served for one month as acting Secretary of War. Username and password are case sensitive. One, Charles, was conceived during the. [230] He was successful in negotiating other treaties, such as the removal of Navajos from the Bosque Redondo to traditional lands in Western New Mexico. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (18611865), achieving recognition for his command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched-earth policies that he implemented against the Confederate States. "[283] Upon Sherman's death, his son Thomas publicly declared: "My father was baptized in the Catholic Church, married in the Catholic Church, and attended the Catholic Church until the outbreak of the civil war. Grant, the previous commander of the District of Cairo, had just won a major victory at Fort Henry and been given command of the ill-defined District of West Tennessee. In 1875, Henry V. Boynton published a critical review of Sherman's memoirs "based upon compilations from the records of the war office". When Sherman reached the age of sixteen, Ewing secured Sherman an . He married Mary Elizabeth Berry on 15 October 1899, in Greenwood, Kansas, United States. [155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. Joseph E. Johnston, the Confederate officer who had commanded the resistance to Sherman's troops in Georgia and the Carolinas, served as a pallbearer in New York City. [244][245] During this time, Sherman also reorganized the U.S. Army forts to better accommodate the shifting frontier. [163], Grant then offered Johnston purely military terms, similar to those that he had negotiated with Lee at Appomattox. [40] Even though he earned a brevet promotion to captain in 1848 for his "meritorious service", his lack of combat experience and relatively slow advancement within the army discouraged him. [30] In his memoirs, Sherman relates a hike with Halleck to the summit of Corcovado, overlooking Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in order to examine the city's aqueduct design. He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. [90] This success contributed greatly to raising Sherman's spirits and changing his personal outlook on the Civil War and his role in it. Historian Mark Grimsley promoted the use of the term "hard war" to refer to this strategy in the context of the U.S. Civil War. [281] Except during the personal crisis triggered by his son Thomas's decision to become a priest, Sherman's personal attitude towards the Catholic Church was tolerant and even friendly at a time when anti-Catholic prejudice was common in the United States. [136][137] Sherman left forces under Maj. Gens. [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. "[60] In what some authors have seen as an accurate prophecy of the conflict that would engulf the United States during the next four years,[61][62] Boyd recalled Sherman declaring: You people of the South don't know what you are doing. [101] Sherman's operations were supposed to be coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction. He later began a new climb to success at Shiloh and Corinth under Grant. [176] Their fate soon became a pressing military and political issue. [15] However, Lloyd Lewis's 1932 biography claimed that Sherman was originally named only "Tecumseh" and that he acquired the name "William" at the age of nine or ten, when he was baptized as a Catholic at the behest of his foster family. [262], In 1886, after the publication of Grant's memoirs, Sherman produced a "second edition, revised and corrected" of his own memoirs. McPherson. William. This letter was to James E. Yeatman, May 21, 1865, and is excerpted more extensively (and with slight variations) in Bowman and Irwin. Sherman, beset by hallucinations and unreasonable fears and finally contemplating suicide, had been relieved from command in Kentucky. This strategy has been characterized by some military historians as an early form of total war, although the appropriateness of that term has been questioned by many scholars. National Archives. They were the parents of at least 5 sons and 5 daughters. I couldn't find out much about her other than the fact that she never married, and died in Massachussetts in 1925. William Tecumseh Sherman's early military career was a near disaster, having to be temporarily relieved of command. Despite his harsh treatment of the warring tribes, Sherman spoke out against speculators and government agents who abused the Native Americans living within the reservations. One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. An error has occured while loading the map. [97], On November 1862, U. S. Grant, acting as commander of the Union forces in the state of Mississippi, launched a campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, the principal Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River. Sherman's nine-year-old son, Willie, the "Little Sergeant", died from typhoid fever contracted during the trip. [108] The bulk of Grant's forces were now organized into three corps: the XIII Corps under McClernand, the XV Corps under Sherman, and the XVII Corps under Sherman's young protg, Maj. Gen. James B. HE MARRIED HIS FOSTER SISTER. Though the commission was responsible for the negotiation of the Medicine Lodge Treaty and the Treaty of Fort Laramie, Sherman did not play a significant role in the drafting of those treaties because in both cases he was called away to Washington during the negotiations. Sherman then became the military governor of occupied Memphis. Another younger brother, Hoyt Sherman, was a successful banker. [161] The U.S. Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, leaked Sherman's memorandum to The New York Times, intimating that Sherman might have been bribed to allow Davis to escape capture by the Union troops. [119][120] Sherman's army captured the city of Meridian on February 14 and proceeded to destroy 105 miles of railroad and 61 bridges, while burning at least 10 locomotives and 28 railcars. In maneuver warfare, a commander seeks to defeat the enemy on the battleground through shock, disruption, and surprise, while minimizing frontal attacks on well-defended positions. [a] According to Sherman's Memoirs, he was named "William Tecumseh", his father having "caught a fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, 'Tecumseh'". It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! Schofield. the Sherman family papers are deposited at the University . Sherman's subsequent famous "March to the Sea" through Georgia and the Carolinas involved little fighting but large-scale destruction of military and civilian infrastructure, a systematic policy intended to undermine the ability and willingness of the Confederacy to continue fighting. Here, buffalo skulls are piled up at a glueworks . When the bank failed during the Panic of 1857, he closed the New York branch. The severity of the destructive acts by Union troops was significantly greater in South Carolina than in Georgia or North Carolina. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. He voiced this view in remarks to a joint session of the Texas legislature in 1875, although the U.S. Army under Sherman's command never conducted its own program of bison extermination. Civil War Union Major General and later General of the United States Army. Death: January 09, 1862 (45) Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio, United States. Not long before his death, General William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) told an interviewer: "My family is strongly Roman Catholic. Frederick Douglass, Ulysses S. Grant, and now William T. Sherman, the Union's second most famous general and, arguably, its first modern one. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. Instead of complying, he resigned his position as superintendent, declaring to the governor of Louisiana that "on no earthly account will I do any act or think any thought hostile to or in defiance of the old Government of the United States. Other. The Sherman's were well educated and highly cultured by Lancaster standards at this time. [196] Liddell Hart also declared that the study of Sherman's campaigns had contributed significantly to his own "theory of strategy and tactics in mechanized warfare", and claimed that this had in turn influenced Heinz Guderian's doctrine of Blitzkrieg and Rommel's use of tanks during the Second World War. [99] According to historian John D. Winters's The Civil War in Louisiana (1963), at this stage Sherman, had yet to display any marked talents for leadership. Johnston did catch a serious cold and died one month later of pneumonia. Upon hearing that Sherman's men were advancing on corduroy roads through the Salkehatchie swamps at a rate of a dozen miles per day, Johnston "made up his mind that there had been no such army in existence since the days of Julius Caesar". [43], Sherman was appointed as captain in the Army's Commissary Department on September 27, 1850, with offices in St. Louis, Missouri. Place of Burial: Mansfield, Richland County, OH, United States. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. When Grant became President of the United States in March 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army. Charles Taylor Sherman, Judge 1811-1879 Married 2 February 1841, Mansfield, Richland Co., OH, toEliza Jane Williams 1822-1888; Mary Elizabeth Sherman 1812-1900 Married 19 October 1829, Lancaster, Fairfield Co., OH, toWilliam James Reese 1804-1883; John Sherman, Sen. 1823-1900 Ewing was a prominent member of the Whig Party who became U.S. senator for Ohio and the first Secretary of the Interior. [233] One of the main concerns of his postbellum service was, therefore, to protect the construction and operation of the railroads from hostile Indians. Artillery and saw action in Florida in the Second Seminole War. [236] In 1873, Sherman wrote in a private letter that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. Senator John Sherman (his younger brother and a political ally of President Lincoln) and other connections in Washington helped him to obtain a commission. [291], In the early 20th century, Sherman's role in the Civil War attracted attention from influential British military intellectuals, including Field Marshal Lord Wolseley, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, and especially Capt. . At the White House, Sherman met with Abraham Lincoln a few days after his inauguration as president of the United States. Sherman and Ellen had eight children, including three sons in addition to Willie, but none came close to replacing him in their father's affections. The Life Summary of William Tecumseh. [118], After Chattanooga, Sherman led a column to relieve Union forces under Ambrose Burnside thought to be in peril at Knoxville. Perhaps best known for his 1864 "March to the Sea," William Tecumseh "Cump" Sherman (1820-1891) was born in Lancaster, Ohio. He passed away on 30 June 1951 in Virginia, St Louis, Minnesota, USA. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for William Tecumseh Sherman by James L. McDonough at the best online prices at eBay! Sheridan used hard-war tactics similar to those he and Sherman had employed in the Civil War. In his Memoirs, Sherman commented on the political pressures of 18641865 to encourage the escape of slaves, in part to avoid the possibility that "able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the rebels". He dealt in a friendly and unaffected way with the black people that he met during his career. American historian Wesley Moody has argued that these commentators tended to filter Sherman's actions and his hard-war strategy through their own ideas about modern warfare, thereby contributing to the exaggeration of his "atrocities" and unintentionally feeding into the negative assessment of Sherman's moral character associated with the "Lost Cause" school of Southern historiography. Some pro-Confederate sources have repeated a claim that Oliver Otis Howard, the commander of Sherman's 15th Corps, said in 1867 that "It is useless to deny that our troops burnt Columbia, for I saw them in the act. This meeting was memorialized in G. P. A. Healy's painting The Peacemakers. Thousands of refugees, both black and white, joined Sherman's columns, which on February 20 finally withdrew towards Canton. William Tecumseh Sherman, 1820 28 - 1891 214 Tecumseh 19 It also dealt a major blow to the popularity of the Democratic presidential candidate, George B. McClellan, whose victory in the election had until then appeared likely to many, including Lincoln himself. [229] He testified in the trial on April 11 and 13, 1868. William Tecumseh Sherman Biss married Amelia Rose Slavick and had 4 children. Friends and family, however, simply called him "Cump." 2. in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States, Died on February 14, 1891 Born 12 Jul 1618 in Dedham, Essex, England Ancestors Son of Edmund Sherman and Grace (Makin) Sherman Brother of Edmund Sherman, Anne Sherman, Joan Sherman, Hester (Sherman) Warde, Richard Sherman, Bezaleel Sherman, John Sherman and Grace (Sherman) Livermore Husband of Sarah (Mitchell) Sherman married before 1640 [location unknown] Descendants By Himself, published by D. Appleton & Company in two volumes, began with the year 1846 (when the Mexican War began) and ended with a chapter about the "military lessons of the [civil] war". Senator John Sherman and home of the remarkable Sherman family. Rachel Ewing Thorndike daughter Robert Otho Sherman son Eleanor Mary Thackara daughter Mary A. Pickering daughter William Tecumseh Sherman, Jr. son Charles Celestine Sherman son Philemon Tecumseh Sherman son Hon. His performance was praised by Grant and Halleck and after the battle he was promoted to major general of volunteers, effective May 1, 1862. [75], The engagement at Bull Run ended in a disastrous defeat for the Union, dashing the hopes for a rapid resolution of the conflict over secession. [117], At Chattanooga, Grant instructed Sherman to attack the right flank of Bragg's forces, which were entrenched along Missionary Ridge overlooking the city. A bill was introduced in Congress to promote Sherman to Grant's rank of lieutenant general, probably with a view towards having him replace Grant as commander of the Union Army. [174] Sherman rejected this, arguing that it would have delayed the "successful end" of the war and the "[liberation of] all slaves". In his memoirs he noted that "it was a great pity to remove the Seminoles at all," as Florida "was the Indian's paradise" and still had (at the time that Sherman wrote his memoirs in the 1870s) "a population less than should make a good State. [226] Tasked with guarding a vast territory with limited forces, Sherman grew weary of the multitude of requests for military protection addressed to him. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. "[255], One of Sherman's significant contributions as head of the Army was the establishment of the Command School (now the Command and General Staff College) at Fort Leavenworth[256] in 1881. Ellen and William had eight children together. [91], With a heavy rain coming down [at the end of the first day of fighting at Shiloh, Sherman] came upon Grant standing under a large oak tree, his cigar glowing in the darkness. After the fall of Atlanta in 1864, Sherman ordered the city's immediate evacuation. General William Tecumseh Sherman's brothers were a stellar group and a man like Sherman knew, that in order to stay out of political and military hot water, one needed to keep it All In The Family. [16] Sherman had already been baptized as an infant by a Presbyterian minister[17][18] and recent biographers believe, contrary to Lewis's claims, that he was probably given the first name "William" at that time. William tecumseh sherman children.General William Tecumseh Sherman is best remembered for his leadership during the Civil War. [278] Thomas's decision to abandon his career as a lawyer in 1878 to join the Jesuits and prepare for the Catholic priesthood caused Sherman profound distress, and he referred to it as a "great calamity". The couple later had eight children, two of whom died from sickness while Sherman was serving in the Civil War. Local Native American Lumbee guides helped Sherman's army cross the Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina. This new edition, published by Appleton, added a second preface, a chapter about his life up to 1846, a chapter concerning the post-war period (ending with his 1884 retirement from the army), several appendices, portraits, improved maps, and an index. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. [68] In early April, Sherman declined Montgomery Blair's offer of the administrative position of chief clerk in the War Department, despite Blair's promise that it would be followed by nomination as Assistant Secretary of War after the U.S. Congress assembled in July. [128][129] Meanwhile, in August, Sherman "learned that I had been commissioned a major-general in the regular army, which was unexpected, and not desired until successful in the capture of Atlanta". [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. [260], Proposed as a Republican candidate for the presidential election of 1884, Sherman declined as emphatically as possible, saying, "I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. General Sherman was born February 8, 1820, and named William Tecumseh after the great Shawnee leader but acquired the nickname "Cump" from his siblings. W. T. Sherman (1887)[286], In the years immediately after the war, Sherman was popular in the North and well regarded by his own soldiers. As the foster son of a prominent Whig politician, in Charleston the popular Lieutenant Sherman moved within the upper circles of Old South society. At Shiloh, he may have wished to avoid appearing overly alarmed in order to escape the kind of criticism he had received in Kentucky. [85] His problems were compounded when the Cincinnati Commercial described him as "insane". [212] One of Sherman's tactics was to destroy the railways by pulling up the rails, heating them over a bonfire, and twisting them to leave behind what came to known as "Sherman's neckties". [14], Sherman's unusual given name has always attracted attention. [133] According to Holden-Reid, "Sherman did more than any other man apart from the president in creating [the] climate of opinion" that afforded Lincoln a comfortable victory over McClellan at the polls. For more detailed discussion of this overall period, see Marszalek. The assassination of Lincoln had caused the political climate in Washington to turn against the prospect of a rapid reconciliation with the defeated Confederates and the Johnson administration rejected Sherman's terms. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 3 daughters. [In his Memoirs] the vigorous account of his pre-war activities and his conduct of his military operations is varied in just the right proportion and to just the right degree of vivacity with anecdotes and personal experiences. [238][239] Sherman encouraged bison hunting by private citizens and, when Congress passed a law in 1874 to protect the bison from over-hunting, Sherman helped convince President Grant to use a pocket veto to prevent it from coming into force. As Sherman himself once noted, his unusual middle name came from his father's "fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, Tecumseh," who headed a confederacy of Native American tribes in Ohio. Louis. After Gen William Tecumseh Sherman recommended slaughtering buffalo to deny Native Americans a food supply, the number of buffalo killings soared. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. Sherman expressed grave concerns about the North's poor state of preparedness for the looming civil war, but he found Lincoln unresponsive. [12] He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance. Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on February 8, 1820. Heeding, he would say, "some wise and sudden instinct not to mention retreat," he made a noncommittal remark. [175], Tens of thousands of escaped slaves nonetheless joined Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas as refugees. Learn more about possible network issues or contact support for more help. [21] His friends and family called him "Cump".[22]. [56] Sherman was an effective and popular leader of the institution, which would later become Louisiana State University. Father James A. Ryder, president of Georgetown College, officiated at the Washington, D.C., ceremony. [93] At Shiloh, Sherman was wounded twicein the hand and shoulderand had three horses shot out from under him. . After Sherman's departure the spokesman for the black leaders, Baptist minister Garrison Frazier,[181][182] declared in response to Stanton's inquiry about the feelings of the black community: We looked upon General Sherman prior to his arrival as a man in the providence of God specially set apart to accomplish this work, and we unanimously feel inexpressible gratitude to him, looking upon him as a man that should be honored for the faithful performance of his duty. Shortly after the Union forces occupied Corinth on May 30, Sherman persuaded Grant not to resign from his command, despite the serious difficulties he was having with Halleck. [84] In his private correspondence, Sherman later wrote that the concerns of command "broke me down" and admitted to having contemplated suicide. [113] His family traveled from Ohio to visit him at the camp near Vicksburg.
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